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Anxiety is a normal emotion that every human being feels at various points of life. One may feel anxious waiting for the results of an examination, as well as when one goes for e medical check-up to a doctor or while facing any problem. It is alright to feel anxious for rational reasons. But there are some people who unfortunately suffer from the abnormal condition of feeling anxious for no particular reason most of the time. This problem seriously interferes with their abilities to function properly, so much so that people who suffer from such disorders find even the simplest of tasks very challenging.

Anxiety disorder is a condition that is often overlooked by people who suffer from them and even by those who are close to such people. It is frequently perceived as being a part of the nature of the person. This lets it go untreated and the patient is never able to live life to the fullest potential. It is important that people recognize anxiety disorder as a serious medical condition, which can have serious medical and physical consequences on its sufferers.

In order to understand this condition well, we need to dwell on its various facets. These are:

• Panic Disorder:

Those people who suffer from panic disorder frequently have bouts of intense terror. They feel terrified without any apparent reason, sometimes there are reasons but usually they would not elicit such strong reactions from a normal person. The physical symptoms of a panic attack include:

• • Irregular heartbeats or palpitations
  • Pain in the chest as if the patient is having a heart attack
  • Sweating
  • Breathing difficulties
  • Nausea among others

• Phobias:

People who suffer from phobias tend to develop irrational fear of certain situations or objects. The patient may be helpless in controlling the overpowering negative feelings even though he/she may realize that they are irrational. The objects of phobias can range from specific situations like fear of heights or enclosed spaces to the fear of specific animals and objects.

• Post Traumatic Stress Disorder:

As the name suggests, this condition is usually triggered in a susceptible person when he/she has undergone extreme trauma. This could include the death of a loved one, failure in some endeavor, accident, physical or sexual assault. Victims of PTSD tend to frequently recall graphic memories of the traumatic episode and suffer from it repeatedly. They become emotionally numb and withdrawn.

• Generalized Anxiety Disorder:

Patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder tend to suffer from chronic feelings of anxiousness which do not have their roots in any specific reasons. The sufferers themselves are generally unable to point out their reasons for feeling fearful and anxious.

• Social Anxiety Disorder:

As the name suggests this disorder is characterized by the patient’s inability to be normal in social situations. They are always fearful of being judged negatively by others and hence avoid social gatherings.

• Obsessive-compulsive disorder:

The patients of obsessive compulsive disorder suffer from obsessive thoughts and compulsions. They may be compelled to carry out certain actions repeatedly, even if there is no rational need for that. Such people can often be seen repeatedly carrying out actions like checking locks, or talking about the same thing and indulging in other similar behavior.

Anxiety disorders can manifest in a myriad of other forms but the above mentioned types are the broad categories under which most would fall.

Treatment

Anxiety disorders respond positively to many different types of treatment, the most basic include making lifestyle changes. However lifestyle changes work only for people who suffer from borderline disorders. Those suffering from extreme forms, have to be administered anti anxiety medication and/or psycho/cognitive-behavioral therapy. It has been observed that patients respond better to a combination of behavioral therapy and medications rather than on any one alone. However treatment should be designed according to the individual patient’s specific requirements.

Anti anxiety Medication:

Medications for anxiety work because most cases of anxiety disorders do have some biological roots. People suffering from anxiety disorders have been observed to have abnormal levels of some specific neurotransmitters in their brains. Since neurotransmitters are akin to messengers used by the brain to transmit information across nerve cells, any problems with them would result in corresponding impairment of mental abilities. Many people are susceptible to anxiety disorders due to genetic factors as well.

Many different kinds of medicines are used in the treatment of anxiety. There are drugs that work excellently on specific forms of anxiety disorders. The most widely used medications however, belong to a type of drugs called Benzodiazepines. These are the drugs which are called tranquilizers in layman terms. Benzodiazepines work by reducing the typical symptoms of anxiety like restlessness and muscle tension. They induce relaxation and calmness. The most common forms of benzodiazepines available in the market include the following;

• Librium
• Xanax
• Ativan and
• Valium among others.

Certain types of anti depressants have also shown to work well in reducing symptoms of anxiety, especially those that fall under the category of SSRIs or Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. They are usually administered to prevent any episodes of distress. Other than that there is a class of drugs called beta-receptor blockers which are quite effective in controlling the physical symptoms of anxiety. Furthermore, there are buspirone or serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and try-cyclic anti depressants.

Each of the above mentioned types of drugs have their own strengths, weaknesses and side-effects. They should be administered after carefully monitoring the state of the patient. There age, level of health, degree to which they suffer, their environmental factors, are some of the typical things that should be kept in mind for designing an effective program of medication. As an example, old patients generally have a lower metabolic rate than young ones, so they should not be administered very high doses of medicines. Else their body’s limited metabolic abilities would not be able to eliminate the medicine from the body, resulting in various degrees of side effects.

These medications usually show results over a period of a few weeks. The patients should be monitored well, especially during this period. The drugs are generally withdrawn over an extended period of time, else they cause withdrawal symptoms.